Onsen Etiquette for Foreign Visitors
Japanese hot springs are one of the country's greatest pleasures — but there are rules. Here's everything you need to know.
What is an Onsen?
Onsen (温泉) are natural hot spring baths fed by geothermally heated water. Japan has thousands of them, ranging from rustic outdoor baths (rotemburo) to large resort facilities. The water is rich in minerals and said to have various health benefits depending on the source.
Bathing is done completely nude in traditional onsen. Men and women use separate baths (konyoku, or mixed bathing, exists but is rare at modern facilities).
The Basic Rules
Wash before entering
Always shower thoroughly at the washing stations before getting into the communal bath. This is non-negotiable.
No swimwear
Traditional onsen are entered completely nude. Wearing swimwear is considered unhygienic and is not allowed at most facilities.
Keep your small towel out of the water
You may bring a small modesty towel to walk around with, but do not put it in the bath. Many people fold it on their head.
No loud behavior
Onsen are places of relaxation. Speak quietly, don't splash, and don't run.
Don't drain the water completely
If using a private or outdoor bath, don't drain it — others may use it after you.
No phones or cameras
Photography is strictly prohibited in bathing areas.
Tattoo Policies
Many onsen in Japan prohibit tattoos, due to historical association with yakuza (organized crime). This is one of the most common frustrations for foreign visitors.
Options if you have tattoos:
- Private baths (kashikiri onsen) — Many ryokan offer private family baths that you can book exclusively.
- Tattoo-friendly onsen — Some facilities explicitly welcome tattooed guests. Search for "tattoo-friendly onsen" in your destination.
- Cover with bandages — Some facilities allow small tattoos to be covered with waterproof bandages.
- Ask in advance — Policy varies by facility. When in doubt, call ahead.
Attitudes are slowly changing, particularly in tourist areas. Major cities like Tokyo and tourist-heavy areas like Hakone increasingly have tattoo-friendly options.
What to Bring
Essentials:
- Small towel (tenugui)
- Large bath towel (to dry off)
- Toiletries (shampoo, soap)
- Change of clothes
Usually provided at facilities:
- Shampoo & conditioner
- Body soap
- Hair dryer
- Small towel (at ryokan)
Types of Onsen
- →Rotemburo (露天風呂) — Outdoor bath, often with scenic views. Very popular in mountain areas.
- →Uchiyu (内湯) — Indoor bath, common at public bathhouses (sento).
- →Kashikiri (貸切風呂) — Private rental bath, perfect for families or tattooed visitors.
- →Ashiyu (足湯) — Foot bath, free at many onsen towns. Great for beginners!
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ✗Entering without washing — The biggest faux pas. Always use the shower stations first.
- ✗Wearing swimwear — Not allowed at traditional onsen.
- ✗Letting your towel touch the water — Keep it folded on the edge or on your head.
- ✗Being too loud — Treat it like a library, not a pool party.
- ✗Staying too long in very hot water — Japanese onsen can be very hot (42°C+). Take breaks and stay hydrated.
Best onsen destinations in Japan:
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